Oceana County, MI

Supports FEMA checklist item B1-a Hazard identification

16 of the 18 National Risk Index hazards apply here.

Not applicable to this county per NRI, with no federal declaration and no Storm Events record since 1996: avalanche and volcanic activity. That is the evidence for leaving them out of the plan.

Highest expected annual loss (NRI, modeled): Inland Flooding, Strong Wind and Tornado.

Not covered by NRI (local data needed): dam failure (incl. upstream dams); levee failure; flash flood as its own subtype; ice jams; debris flows; erosion (riverine and coastal); land subsidence and sinkholes; expansive soils.

The state hazard mitigation plan also lists hazards for this county; FEMA asks the plan to explain any hazard it leaves out.

Supports FEMA checklist item B1-b Hazard location

• Coastal Flooding and Inland Flooding: the FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) is the required location source for flooding. See the FEMA Flood Map Service Center (https://msc.fema.gov) for this county.
• Cold Wave, Drought, Hail, Heat Wave, Ice Storm, Lightning, Strong Wind and Winter Weather: affects the whole county; national data give no location within it.
• Earthquake, Hurricane, Landslide, Tornado, Tsunami and Wildfire vary within the county; the packet lists the highest-rated census tracts for each.

Supports FEMA checklist item B1-c Hazard extent

Storm Events records for 8 of the 20 NOAA event-type groups mapped to the 18 hazards, with the scale, observed range and worst recorded event for each; the others say which local data are needed.

Worst recorded tornado, hail and thunderstorm wind (the three event types on record since the 1950s; the packet has every group):

• Hail: 1.75 in hail, 2017-04-10; same size also recorded on 1968-05-14, 1979-06-20, 1996-04-12, 2000-07-13, 2011-06-08
• Thunderstorm Wind: 70 kt (81 mph), measurement type not recorded, Thunderstorm Wind, 1998-06-25
• Tornado: F2 tornado, 1978-08-15, 0.8 mi path length (whole path, pre-1996), 333 yd wide, $250,000 property (pre-1996 NOAA value, recorded in damage ranges); crops not recorded (1978 dollars), 1 direct injury

Supports FEMA checklist item B1-d Previous occurrences

Federal declarations for this area: 13 declarations covering 9 separate hazard incidents counted in this packet; each with type, dates and county Public Assistance dollars.

New since the last plan (approved 2024-04-19): DR-4925-MI.

3 statewide declarations listed separately.

Hazards with no Storm Events record and no federal declaration are stated as such (10 of 18).

Storm Events history: 262 records (notable ones in the PDF, all of them in the Excel file).

Supports FEMA checklist item B1-e Probability of future events

FEMA annualized frequency (modeled) for each hazard, with a descriptor from a scale defined in the packet.

• Highly likely: Lightning, Strong Wind and Winter Weather
• Likely: Hail, Ice Storm, Inland Flooding, Landslide and Tornado
• Possible: Coastal Flooding and Cold Wave
• Unlikely: Earthquake, Hurricane and Wildfire

Historical frequency by intensity band (tornado, hail, wind): 9 bands from Storm Events.

Supports FEMA checklist item B1-f Hazards that vary across jurisdictions

Range of census tract risk scores within the area for 16 of the 18 hazards (7 tracts; rated tracts only).

24 jurisdictions: plan clock, repeat-flood count, Public Assistance dollars and event records naming the place (starting figures from federal data).

Supports FEMA checklist items B2-a and B2-b Vulnerability and potential impacts

The packet's table gives county-level starting figures; the plan describes impacts for each jurisdiction and its own assets.

Storm Events damage since 2024-04-19: $265,000 in county-coded records (4 records); $0 reported for the zone (9 zone records). Data through 2026-06-30; nominal dollars.

Local data needed

To gather:

• Critical facilities and lifelines per hazard
• A problem statement per jurisdiction per hazard
• Changes in development in hazard-prone areas since the last approval, or a statement of none (E1-a)
• Future assets

Supports FEMA checklist item B2-a Vulnerability (county context)

Population 26,621; building value $8,492,224,816 and agriculture value $160,563,853 (total, not at risk).

National Risk Index rating Very Low; social vulnerability Relatively Moderate; community resilience Very High.

Supports FEMA checklist item B2-c Repetitive loss properties

Repetitive-loss properties, FMA definition (44 CFR 77.2): 0 repetitive loss, 0 severe repetitive loss. NFIP insurance definition: 0 and 0.

Mitigated 0; insured 0; NFIP data as of 2026-08-02. Counts by occupancy group and for each jurisdiction are in the packet.